Scammers now use QR codes to steal information and commit fraud. Recognizing the signs of fake QR codes can prevent data theft, malware infections, and financial loss.

How to Spot and Avoid Fake QR Codes

Understanding Fake QR Codes

QR codes themselves are not harmful; the danger lies in how they are used. Scammers tamper with legitimate codes or create fake ones, leading people to phishing sites or malware downloads.


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This guide explains how to spot fake QR codes and prevent falling victim to these scams.


Common QR Code Scams

  • Parking Meters and Public Payments— QR codes on public meters are easily tampered with. In some cities, police have found fake QR codes on parking meters, redirecting users to malicious payment sites. Always double-check URLs when paying via QR code in public spaces.

  • Phishing Emails— Scammers often include fake QR codes in emails. These codes may promise deals or ask for payment details. Avoid scanning codes in unsolicited emails, especially those asking for sensitive information.

  • Restaurants and Cafes— Many eateries use QR codes for menus and payments. Scammers may replace these with fake ones, redirecting users to phishing sites. Verify the legitimacy of a QR code by checking with the restaurant staff.

  • Mail Scams— QR codes sent through the mail, claiming prizes or discounts, are often scams. Legitimate companies rarely send QR codes via mail for offers. Always verify with the company by visiting their official website.

  • Unexpected Package Scams— Scammers may send packages with QR codes, prompting recipients to scan for "more information" or "returns." Often, these codes lead to phishing sites that collect personal information. Avoid scanning QR codes from unknown deliveries.

  • COVID-19 Testing Centers— Temporary testing sites may use QR codes to collect personal information fraudulently. Official testing centers rarely use QR codes for sign-in. Check with health authorities for legitimate testing sites.

  • Social Media Messages— Hacked social media accounts may send QR codes that appear trustworthy. These often lead to phishing sites or malware. Avoid scanning codes from unknown social media contacts.

  • Cryptocurrency Scams— Fake QR codes direct users to fraudulent cryptocurrency wallets, claiming to offer investment opportunities. Always verify URLs before making crypto transactions through QR codes.

  • Malware QR Code Apps— Fake QR code scanner apps may install malware. Use the built-in camera app on your smartphone rather than third-party QR code scanners to avoid this risk.

How to Spot Fake QR Codes

  • Inspect for Tampering— Look for signs of tampering. If the QR code appears altered or is a sticker placed over another code, avoid scanning it.

  • Preview the URL— Most smartphones show the URL before opening it. Check the link for legitimacy. Secure sites begin with "https://", indicating they are encrypted and safer to use.

  • Check the Destination Page— Once redirected, assess the site for signs of phishing, like misspelled words, poor design, or unusual requests for personal information.

  • Verify Source Legitimacy— If a QR code is sent via email or text, ensure it’s from a legitimate source. Official companies rarely send QR codes for payments or personal information requests.

  • Look for Branded QR Codes— Branded QR codes display the company logo, making them appear more reliable. Unbranded codes are more likely to be fraudulent.


Preventative Tips for QR Code Safety

  • Use Built-In Camera Apps— Smartphone cameras can scan QR codes directly, reducing the risk of malware from third-party scanner apps.

  • Avoid Public QR Codes for Payments— When paying in public, use physical cash or cards instead of scanning QR codes, which may be tampered with.

  • Educate and Stay Updated— Learn about common QR code scams and stay updated on new tactics. Knowledge is key to identifying and avoiding scams.

  • Trust Instincts— If something feels suspicious, avoid scanning the QR code. It’s safer to skip it than risk exposure to scams.

  • Install Security Software— Antivirus and malware protection software can safeguard devices against potential threats from malicious QR codes.

What To Do If You Scanned a Fake QR Code

  • Disconnect from the Internet— Turn off Wi-Fi or mobile data to prevent any potential malware from connecting with a remote server.

  • Update Passwords and Enable Two-Factor Authentication— Change passwords on potentially compromised accounts and enable two-factor authentication (2FA) for additional security.

  • Scan for Malware— Run antivirus software to identify and remove any malicious files installed via the fake QR code.

  • Alert Financial Institutions— If payment details were shared, inform the bank or credit card provider to prevent unauthorized transactions.

  • Report the Scam— Report QR code scams to local authorities or consumer protection organizations to help prevent future incidents.

Conclusion

Fake QR codes are becoming more common, especially in high-traffic areas and online communications. 

Staying vigilant and using caution when scanning codes can prevent falling victim to scams. 

Follow these tips to protect personal information and devices from the growing threat of QR code scams.